![]() ![]() Steinberg has spearheaded music software development for over 30 years, and through Cubase, which started as a MIDI sequencer, introduced a whole generation to the block-based arrange screen now used in the majority of today’s DAWs.Īlong the way, the company also invented virtual studio technology (VST), developed a class-leading audio editor (WaveLab) and survived the dark days of software piracy.ĭespite increased competition, Cubase is still up there at the head of the DAW pack. For the price, Mac users won’t find a more comprehensive set of music production tools anywhere else. More than all that, though, Logic Pro remains superb value for money. There are new mixer and panner controls for this, and 12 other Logic Pro plugins are now spatial audio-ready, too. It's also worth noting that, as of Logic Pro 10.7, Apple's DAW enables you to create tracks in the company's Dolby Atmos-powered spatial audio format. There was also a new step sequencer, completely overhauled samplers and new tools for electronic beatmakers. ![]() Version 10.5 was Logic Pro 11 in all but name, turning this most traditional of DAWs into a truly contemporary music-making platform.Ĭentral to this overhaul was the addition of Ableton-style Live Loops, which enable you to jam with ideas before recording them to the main timeline. It’s been a while since we had a ‘full’ new version of Logic Pro - version X was released way back in 2013 - but numbers can be deceiving. It retains its place at the cutting edge of DAW technology. While some of the changes in Live 11 might require a little getting used to for veterans, Ableton has again managed to enhance the software's capabilities without adding bloat to its famously streamlined workflow. Further updates have added native support for Apple's M1 and M2 Macs and AUv3 plugin compatibility, so you can now run certain iOS synths and effects within Live, too. There are new devices, too, along with updates for existing ones. The long-awaited Live 11 takes things to the next level, adding much-requested features such as an elegant comping system and support for MPE. Since then, it's exploded in popularity and influenced the development of countless other desktop and mobile apps. When the first version was released in 2001 it threw out the traditional design rulebook and established itself not just as a recording program for composers, but also as a performance instrument in itself. It's hard to overstate the impact that Live has had on the music software marketplace. Plugin delay compensation is still an issue for a few of the effects In truth, any one of these products will enable you to make music - and we're not saying that any one is definitively better than all the others - but they’re all slightly different in the way that they operate, so it’s worth taking the time to consider your options carefully and try out demo versions wherever possible. To help you find that DAW, we’ve put together an expert guide to what we consider to be the best Digital Audio Workstations on the market today, including full reviews for many of our choices. ![]() Put simply, the best DAW for you is the one that makes it easiest for you to make music, and inspires you to keep creating. Yes, you’ll likely have a MIDI keyboard, audio interface, set of studio monitor speakers and possibly a microphone or two in your home recording setup as well, but your music production software sits at the centre of everything, and if it's not working for you, your level of creativity is likely to be compromised.Īs such, it’s important to get a DAW that you’re happy with - and, perhaps even more importantly, a digital audio workstation that will enable you to turn your ideas into music as quickly and painlessly as possible. ![]()
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![]() ![]() The festive lighting route was featured on the local Dutch television network and visitors to the city were overwhelmingly positive. Whether visiting the city to see the lights, or to experience the walking tour, or simply to shop, visitors to Zwolle were able to enjoy the festive atmosphere, experience the child-like delight of coming across an over-sized snowman for the first time, and share memorable moments with family and friends, taking photos at the many photo points and sharing them on social media. ![]() The resulting walking tour was made available online and the custom-designed map provided a clear route with markers that indicated where each light artwork could be found and short descriptions of different parts of the city. The streets were decorated with overhead lighting motifs, the trees draped with glittering light chains, and bridges and building façades became instant attractions thanks to sparkling accent lighting, and the city Zwolle was transformed into a magical, light-filled space. In November 2017, 12 larger-than-life light sculptures appeared throughout the city, each a unique and engaging visual experience for visitors to enjoy. MK Illumination Holland applied their local knowledge of the Dutch market and of Zwolle in particular and drew on their international experience to create a complete festive lighting solution that fitted Zwolle’s needs perfectly. Zwolle Fonds also wanted to extend the festive lighting beyond the city center, to make the whole city a pleasurable experience for residents and visitors alike. The idea behind this was two-fold: first, to attract visitors, and second, to encourage them to enjoy a walking tour of Zwolle that would introduce them to different parts of the city, which in turn would lead to longer visits and a strong possibility that local businesses would benefit as a result. They contacted MK Illumination Holland with an initial idea in mind: they wanted to use festive lighting and decoration to create multiple points of attraction throughout the city. They wanted to create an experience using festive lighting that would encourage visitors into the city center. In 2017, Zwolle Fonds knew that they wanted to do more than simply hang a few string lights to celebrate the festive season. Zwolle Fonds is a collaboration between entrepreneurs from retail, catering and public-oriented businesses in the city center of Zwolle (The Netherlands), all of whom contribute to a fund, supplemented by a contribution from the municipality, which they use to make Zwolle a vibrant, bustling and safe city that welcomes visitors. We manufacture our lighting design and non-lighting design products, and manage quality in our production facilities in Europe, Asia, North America and Africa. We’re open to new ideas and we’re courageous enough to challenge the norm, think differently and try new things to create extraordinary experiences. From initial input, briefing and design, to manufacture, installation and site dismantling, we do it all. Wherever you are in the process of choosing lighting and products to create an experience for your space, our team of experts are ready to help. Team of experts with a full-service offering.We draw inspiration from many sources, combining that with a deep understanding of how design can be used to create emotion and experiences. We transform spaces of all shapes and sizes with light and design, applying valuable global experience and understand of world-wide trends whilst keeping local values and cultural expectations in mind. In short: if you want to BUY SMART you want to buy from Our lighting, decoration and themed attraction products are safe, legal, efficient and as far as possible, sustainable. Our True Light Experiences and MK Themed Attractions deliver added-value because they make people happy. ![]() ![]() We do not charge fees for our Consumer Credit services. We can introduce you to a limited number of finance providers. Permitted activities include acting as a credit broker not a lender. Impair Limited (FRN 946897) is an Appointed Representative of Carmoney Limited who are authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (FRN 674094). Impair Limited (FRN 946897) is an Appointed Representative of Leaseloco Ltd who are authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (FRN 841366). Here’s a review of our experience with each of the car selling sites we tried. Below you’ll find a review of each provider, detailing how easy it was to use as well as the valuations we received for each of our test vehicles: a classic VW Golf, nifty Nissan Qashqai and a classy BMW 3 Series. That’s why we decided to test the UK’s best websites for selling your car. But with so many providers out on the marketplace, it can be challenging to choose which one to use. You can do it all online without even having to leave your house. ![]() If a fast turnaround and convenience are more important to you, then a car buying service may be your best option. You will need to advertise it in your local paper or online, and then spend time negotiating with interested buyers while they try and haggle on the price you have set. Of course, you’re likely to get a higher price selling any vehicle privately, but there is a lot more work involved. Selling your car online is a quick and easy alternative to hawking it via an auction or selling it privately. Selling a car online but don’t know which website to use? We have trialled some of the best used car buying services, so you don’t have to. ![]() ![]() ![]() You can have an online consultation with James. This is not medical advice, and we recommend a consultation with a medical professional such as James McCormack to achieve a diagnosis. A period of immobilization is usually required, followed by 6-8 weeks of Physical Therapy. Surgery is often in the form of fixation or bone graft. In a minority of cases, a fracture may regress, and a more extended period of immobilization is recommended, or surgery may be required. High tensile forces on the plantar-lateral aspect of the fifth metatarsal are difficult to control, and intramedullary screw fixation. Intramedullary screw fixation remains the most used construct despite nonunion and refracture. Your consultant may recommend a repeat x-ray as this can identify if there are signs of healing at the fracture site. Proximal fifth metatarsal fractures, zones II and III, are commonly treated surgically, especially in elite athletes. Treatment is either immobilization or surgery depending on location of fracture, degree of displacement, and athletic level of patient. These injuries usually heal without any issues, but this does not occur in some circumstances and an operation is required. 5th metatarsal base fractures are common traumatic fractures among athletic populations that are notorious for nonunion due to tenuous blood supply. If you are wearing a walker boot and relatively resting from activity, but your pain worsens, you should return to the Fracture Clinic. What should I do if my metatarsal fracture is getting worse? However, in most cases, patients are placed in a cast or aircast walker boot, which significantly increases their recovery rate and reduces the risk of non-union. It is possible for a simple 5th metatarsal fracture to heal without a cast, and this can often occur in patients who didn’t realise they had a fracture. Related Article: Best Running Shoes after 5th Metatarsal FractureĬan a broken 5th metatarsal heal with no cast? ![]() Wearing supportive, cushioned footwear when returning to running is one of the most important factors alongside your rehabilitation. A running gait analysis before returning to running is essential to identify any factors in your gait that may lead to an overload of your 5th metatarsal. Running could commence on a treadmill initially, as it has some cushioning and then progress to flat smooth surfaces outdoors. We usually recommend that our patients practice hopping on one foot for 3 x 45 seconds if there is no pain, they can progress onto running. It is recommended to begin with pain-free walking followed by a hopping protocol before returning to running after a 5th metatarsal injury to reduce the risk of recurrence. You can return to running 6-8 weeks after your initial diagnosis of a 5th metatarsal fracture if there are no complications during your recovery.ĭepending on the fracture location and size, some athletes can return to running 6 weeks after a simple stress fracture to the 5th metatarsal, but complex fractures may require up to 8-10 weeks. How soon can I run after a 5th metatarsal fracture? ![]() ![]() According to Lacy, the selection process and technical learning at PayPal played a role, but the main factor behind their future success was the confidence they gained there. They are discussed in journalist Sarah Lacy's book Once You're Lucky, Twice You're Good. The PayPal Mafia phenomenon has been compared to the founding of Intel in the late 1960s by engineers who had earlier founded Fairchild Semiconductor after leaving Shockley Semiconductor. The PayPal Mafia is sometimes credited with inspiring the re-emergence of consumer-focused Internet companies after the dot-com bust of 2001. Dan Chan, pre-IPO PayPal employee, who Buzzfeed called "Silicon Valley's Favorite Magician" and Business Insider called the Billionaires' Magician.Yishan Wong, former engineering manager at PayPal, later worked at Facebook and became the CEO of Reddit.Jeremy Stoppelman, former vice president of technology at PayPal who later co-founded Yelp.Russel Simmons, former PayPal engineer who co-founded Yelp Inc. ![]() Premal Shah, former product manager at PayPal, became the founding president of.Jack Selby, former vice president of corporate and international development at PayPal who co-founded Clarium Capital with Peter Thiel, later becoming managing director of Grandmaster Capital Management.Keith Rabois, former executive at PayPal who later worked at LinkedIn, Slide, Square, Khosla Ventures, and currently with Peter Thiel at Founders Fund, and personally invested in Tokbox, Xoom, Slide, LinkedIn, Geni, Room 9 Entertainment, YouTube, and Yelp.Luke Nosek, PayPal co-founder and former vice president of marketing and strategy, became a partner at Founders Fund with Peter Thiel and Ken Howery.Andrew McCormack, co-founder of Valar Ventures.Dave McClure, former PayPal marketing director, a super angel investor for start up companies.Jared Kopf, former PayPal (executive assistant to Peter Thiel) who co-founded Slide, HomeRun and NextRoll.Jawed Karim, former PayPal engineer who co-founded YouTube.Jackson, who wrote the book The PayPal Wars and became chief executive officer of WND Books and co-founded CapLinked ![]() Chad Hurley, former PayPal web designer who co-founded YouTube.Ken Howery, former PayPal CFO who became a partner at Founders Fund. ![]()
![]() ![]() ![]() Vibe: I visited Coffee Club on their infamous opening day, full of clubs tabling, a capella groups harmonizing, and students literally lining up out the front door of Coffee Club as they waited to put in their orders. Staff Recommendation: macchiato ($2.50) with a pastry from the Gingered Peach ($3.00)!! Sadly, the baristas had run out of both ice and iced-coffee cups by the time I arrived due to their insane popularity on opening day, but the coffee was still chilled and very enjoyable in its insulated cup. Without turning into “milk with a bit of coffee,” it managed to be more filling than just black coffee. The vanilla flavor wasn’t too sweet, just barely taking some of the bitterness off of the coffee.Ĭoffee Club’s latte was creamy and smooth. The coffee flavor was present, but not overly bold or complex, which is perfectly fine for a standard latte. Tasting Experience: Coffee Club’s latte was fairly typical. The Coffee Club A small, iced vanilla latte from Coffee Club. (You may want to keep an eye out for future Tiger Town Treats reviewing some of their pastries.) Luckily they have a host of other delicious and impressive treats to sample. The smell of fresh pastries and bread is intoxicating and irresistible.įinal Thoughts: Iced coffee isn’t Bread Boutique’s specialty. With light tiling and small, intimate tables, it immediately presents itself to customers as a casual place where you can stop by briefly or sit for hours. Vibe: Bread Boutique gives the vibe of a hole-in-the-wall European café. The lack of ice melt-off and the unsweetened coffee is a wonderful pairing for any of their many impressive traditional French pastries. Staff Recommendation: A piping hot cup of café au lait ($3.73). Get the best of ‘the Prince’ delivered straight to your inbox. You can also check out this TikTok, featuring videos of each location to get a feel for yourself! In addition to my reviews, I’ll also be giving you my impressions of the “vibe” of each shop. Along with my reviews you can find other recommendations for location-specific (and delicious) ways to get your caffeine fix! But of course, every shop has its own specialties, so I also asked the staff about their favorite specialty drinks. At each location I got a small iced vanilla latte (unless the location did not carry vanilla syrup) with “regular” milk in order to make a fair comparison. In alphabetical order, they are Bread Boutique, the Coffee Club, Rojo’s Roastery, Sakrid Coffee Roasters, Small World Coffee, and Starbucks. I sampled sweet iced coffees from six establishments in town. This Installment’s Treat: Iced Vanilla Lattes!! The start of the semester means overloading yourself with clubs, courses, and - most importantly - coffee! As it has been sweltering recently, my iced coffee addiction has advanced from something quirky to a primary personality trait, so let’s get into it! ![]() ![]() ![]() Get it at Nintendo eShop (digital) - $69.The standard edition of Monster Hunter Rise comes with the game itself, along with the preorder bonus (see below). Get it at Nintendo eShop (digital) - $59.99.Get it at Best Buy - $59.99 (Includes free steelbook case). ![]() Meanwhile, Resident Evil fans can look forward to three Resident Evil remasters for the PS5 and Xbox Series S/X later this year.And in case you're wondering if the game is any good, you can check out our Monster Hunter Rise review before placing your preorder. In other Capcom news, the Japanese company was one of the highlights of Sony's most recent State of Play event, revealing Exoprimal. Considering that Rise alone has five locales, fans can expect Capcom to announce more Sunbreak news in the lead-up to the game's June 30 launch. This will be free to everyone and will include everything from new Silkbind Moves, improvements to wall-running, new Wirebug types, as well as Marionette Spiders that hunters can use to topple monsters over, among other things.įinally, Capcom showed off a new locale in Citadel that will feature snow-topped mountain peaks and lush forests with a dash of abandoned medieval castles and swamps. On top of every piece of new content the Sunbreak expansion will bring, Capcom promised to add a new update to the base game as well. Speaking of returning monsters, the Shogun Ceanataur from Monster Hunter 2 will be making an appearance in Sunbreak as well. All three are equally deadly, with the official description for Malzeno teasing a transformation into a more "sinister appearance" after draining the life force of other creatures.įollow Xfire on Google and be the first to get our latest content!Ĭapcom is also bringing back Astalos from the Nintendo 3DS' monster Hunter Generations, with Rise's Bishaten getting a flame-based variant known as the Blood Orange Bishaten. Fans were also given a sneak peek on the. The most noteworthy, in particular, are the Three Lords: Malzeno, Garangolm, and Lunagaron. The latest Monster Hunter Rise: Sunbreak digital event has just concluded and players now know the exact release date of the game’s free Title Update 4. Although Elgado Outpost is home to some familiar monstrosities, it will also introduce a handful of new ones. With a new land to explore also comes more monsters to hunt and conquer. Despite the locale change, the Elgado Outpost will come with all the basic hunter necessities and a new young female NPC responsible for giving out quests, Chichae. The distant research town sports a more middle-aged theme compared to the feudal Japan aesthetic of Kamura Village. Just like previous game-sized Monster Hunter expansions, Sunbreak will take place in an entirely new area, the Elgado Outpost. Monster Hunter Rise saw a stellar release upon its initial release on Nintendo Switch back in March 2021, but it’s taken nearly two years for it to come to Xbox, Game Pass, and Playstation. Monster Hunter (, Monsut Hant) is a Japanese media franchise centered on a series of fantasy-themed action role-playing video games that started with the game Monster Hunter for the PlayStation 2, released in 2004. After months of radio silence on Sunbreak, Capcom revealed almost everything there is to know about the expansion at once. Meanwhile, the physical-only Sunbreak edition will include everything from the Deluxe Edition as well as exclusive items like a Malzeno amiibo, a steelbook case, a pin, and a sticker pack, all for $99.99. The Deluxe Edition will come with additional content like layered armor sets, gestures, and hairstyles for $49.99. If you're looking to splurge, Capcom revealed that Sunbreak will be available in two more expensive versions: the Deluxe Edition and the Collector's Edition. Although Capcom did not reveal the downloadable content's price at the event, the company posted those details online later on.Īt $39.99, Sunbreak costs as much as the Iceborne expansion for Monster Hunter: World, which added some 50 hours' worth of content to Monster Hunter: World. Sunbreak has the potential to change that.Īccording to Capcom, Monster Hunter Rise: Sunbreak will be available starting on June 30, 2022. Many consider Iceborne as the best expansion in the Monster Hunter franchise. Almost one year after Monster Hunter Rise hit Nintendo Switch consoles everywhere and two months after the game arrived on PC, Capcom went ahead and hosted a live-streamed presentation revealing everything there is to know about the game's Sunbreak expansion. Monster Hunter Rise is a great game on Nintendo Switch, and its PC version offers the same experience. ![]() March hasn't even ended yet and Capcom just gave Monster Hunter fans their biggest piece of news in a while. Release date: Available now Genre: Action RPG Number of players: 1 (online: 1 - 4) Supports online and local co-op Rating: ESRB TEEN Online play requires a paid subscription to Nintendo Switch Online. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() To correct possible irregularities in the structure of the wall, the panel is equipped with mechanical adjustment systems so that installation is both easy and flawless. The shelves and storage units hook onto the panel in a simple yet effective way, and the panel can be set up to allow the passage of cables for a TV or other electronic equipment. "This gives the system an appearance of lightness, without compromising its performance.” The change of depth and reduced shelf thickness provide versatility in use, and also create a visual effect that looks like waves moving through the sea. Wave was created from the desire to obtain a linear design that is simultaneously dynamic. Wave comprises wall-mounted panels, storage units with shelves, and individual storage units which can be composed in a dynamic way to create free-standing or wall-mounted configurations offering great functionality and elegance. The Wave wall-mounted system is the result of the designer’s reflections on the recent history of the company and its design philosophy - a quest for simplicity, combined with an innovative appearance that is never disconnected from functionality. The result of the idea of a continuous strip which traces an organic figure on the wall is a new type of furnishing complement, a unique blend of shelf, desk and table with LED light source. The Mamba project majestically combines form, function and material to give rise to a piece with a sensual feel and look, a piece that seems to materialize from and disappear into the wall, a piece which springs from the designer’s considerations about the material, its intrinsic and extrinsic properties, and the way it is processed. The Mamba project designed by young designer Victor Vasilev was the most interesting design we show in the Fair. Below you will find the most interesting one’s that we came across: We here at Delood, are very happy to present to our unique visitors at first glance our design selection concerning the most important novelties presented in the Fair. The last years the Köln Fair is getting much more importance with a high number of visitors and many novelties presented by the most important design companies such as B&B Italia, Cassina, ClassiCon, MDF Italia etc. We attended the Imm Köln 2012, and we were really impressed with the quality of this fair. ![]() ![]() ![]() Surgeons can operate with confidence across a broader range of tissue thickness and lower in the pelvis compared to Ethicon Contour ®* (,)įor thoracic procedures, the unique design and 360 degree rotation provides multiple angles and enhances access in the chest cavity for both open and VATS procedures compared to linear reloads. It may provide surgeons uncompromised access and visibility deep in the pelvis. In colorectal procedures, the Endo GIA™ radial reload is setting new standards for access, maneuverability and staple line security in LAR procedures. Those with additional questions can contact Ethicon Customer Support Center at 1-87.Īnyone who has experienced a problem with the staplers is encouraged to report the incident to the FDA’s MedWatch adverse event reporting program.With the thickest indicated tissue range for any stapler on the market (2.25 mm – 3.00 mm) 1, the Endo GIA™ radial reload delivers optimal performance, even in challenging cases. Those affected staplers must be returned by Jin order to receive a replacement.Ĭustomers returning recalled staplers can contact Stericycle at 1-88 and reference Event #5011. ![]() The instructions called for them to quarantine any affected products, remove it from use or distribution, and to communicate with relevant operating room or materials management personnel, or anyone who may use the staplers.Įthicon also provided instructions on how to return those affected by the recall and to receive replacement products. The FDA indicates Ethicon notified affected customers of this most recent recall last month, and provided instructions to health care facilities, distributors and other customers on what to do with the staplers. Three years later, in 2015, a California jury awarded nearly $80 million to a retired San Jose police officer whose anal canal was accidentally sealed by a defective Ethicon surgical stapler. The Ethicon surgical stapler recall came after surgeons began abandoning use of the devices during surgical procedures because they had so many problems firing them. In 2012, Ethicon had to recall more than 150,000 of its Endo-Surgical circular staplers due to similar problems. The FDA warning indicates that stapler malfunctions or misuse can cause prolonged surgical procedures, the need for additional surgeries, and other complications such as bleeding, sepsis, internal organ damage, and death. The most commonly reported surgical stapler problems involve an opening of the staple line, malformation of staples, staplers misfiring, staplers being too difficult to fire, staplers failing to fire and staplers that were misapplied. The new classification would require more stringent premarket approval for new staplers and force manufacturers to provide more thorough safety warnings and instructions. They are currently classified as low-risk devices. Last month, the FDA proposed new rules and guidelines designed to make surgical staplers safer, and to classify them as moderate risk medical devices. Which were manufactured between Maand March 6, 2019, and were distributed from Mato March 8, 2019. The recall includes 92,496 devices in the United States. The product codes are located on the front of the single unit cartons. ![]() They were sold under product codes CDH21A, CDH25A, CDH29A, CDH33A, ECS21A, ECS25A, ECS29A, and ECS33A. ![]() The recall impacts the Endo-Surgery Curved Intraluminal Stapler with Adjustable Height Staples, and the Endo-Surgery Endoscopic Curved Intraluminal Stapler with Adjustable Height Staples. Manufacturing of the affected staples was halted in March after problems were discovered in the production process, the FDA reports. Failure to cut the washer suggests complete 360-degree staple line failure.” “When the washer is cut, confirming completion of the firing cycle, the surgeon experiences an audible and tactile crunch. “Through investigation of complaints and returned products, Ethicon confirmed uncut washers in the stapler and malformed staples occur with their intraluminal circular staplers due to insufficient firing, which can compromise staple line integrity,” the recall notice warns. In both of the reported injuries, patients had to undergo a surgical resection of parts of their rectum due to staple failures. The affected staplers are used for creating connections between structures in the gastrointestinal tract during surgical procedures. ![]() ![]() ![]() When the cables continued, the British suspected a Soviet operation but later dismissed that idea upon investigation. Max cables were highly accurate, and amounted to 10,700 cables from 1942-44, causing a British warning – Ultra intercepted the Max cables – to Stalin regarding a high-placed mole in Stavka. Based in Sofia, Max - the Klatt Bureau (Dienststelle Klatt) was led by a Jew, Richard Kauder (Klatt) and included many other Jews as radio operators. Originally an Abwehr creation, Max was one of the primary sources of FHO intelligence on the Soviet Military. Gehlen made great use of cables received from the Max Network. Before the Wehrmacht disasters in the Battle of Stalingrad (23 August 1942 – 2 February 1943), a year into the German war against the Soviet Union, Gehlen understood that the FHO required fundamental re-organization, and secured a staff of army linguists and geographers, anthropologists, lawyers, and junior military officers who would improve the FHO as a military-intelligence organization despite the Nazi ideology of Slavic inferiority. In spring of 1942, Gehlen assumed command of the Fremde Heere Ost (FHO) from Colonel Eberhard Kinzel. Head of FHO The anticommunist espionage networks of the Gehlen Organization remained in place after the Red Army's conquest and the consolidation of Soviet hegemony in the east of Europe. In July 1941, he received a promotion to lieutenant-colonel and was sent to the Eastern Front, where he was assigned as senior intelligence-officer to the Fremde Heere Ost (FHO) section of the Staff. In 1940, he became liaison officer to Field Marshal Walther von Brauchitsch, Army Commander-in-Chief and later was transferred to the staff of General Franz Halder, the Chief of the German General Staff. Gehlen served on the General Staff until 1936 and was promoted to major in 1939.Īt the time of the German attack on Poland (1 September 1939), he was a staff officer in an infantry division. Īfter graduating from the German Staff College in 1935, Gehlen was promoted to captain and assigned to the German General Staff. In 1920, Gehlen made Abitur and joined the Reichswehr. He grew up in Breslau where his father, a former army officer became book publisher for the Ferdinand-Hirt-Verlag, a publishing house specializing in school books. Gehlen was born 1902 into a protestant family in Erfurt. He received the Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1968. While this was a civilian office, he was also a lieutenant-general in the Reserve forces of the Bundeswehr, the highest-ranking reserve-officer in the military of West Germany. In 1956, the Gehlen Organization was transferred to the West German government and formed the core of the Federal Intelligence Service, the Federal Republic of Germany's official foreign intelligence service, with Gehlen serving as its first president until his retirement in 1968. Gehlen was instrumental in negotiations to establish an official West German intelligence service based on the Gehlen Organization of the early 1950s. As head of the Gehlen Organization he sought cooperation with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), formed in 1947, resulting in the Gehlen Organization ultimately becoming closely affiliated with the CIA. The organization would employ former military officers of the Wehrmacht as well as former intelligence officers of the Schutzstaffel (SS) and the Sicherheitsdienst (SD). ![]() military (G-2 Intelligence) recruited him to establish the Gehlen Organization, an espionage network focusing on the Soviet Union. In late 1945, following the 7 May surrender of Germany and the start of the Cold War, the U.S. He achieved the rank of major general before he was fired by Adolf Hitler in April 1945 because of the FHO's "defeatism", the pessimistic intelligence reports about Red Army superiority. In 1942, he became chief of Foreign Armies East (FHO), the German Army's military intelligence unit on the Eastern Front (1941–45). Gehlen became a professional soldier in 1920 during the Weimar Republic. During the early Cold War, Gehlen sided with the Western Allies as the spymaster of the CIA-funded anti-Soviet Gehlen Organization (1946–56) and the founding president of the Federal Intelligence Service ( Bundesnachrichtendienst, BND) of West Germany (1956–68). He was chief of the Wehrmacht Foreign Armies East military intelligence service on the eastern front during World War II. Reinhard Gehlen (3 April 1902 – 8 June 1979) was a German lieutenant-general and intelligence officer. ![]() Grand Cross of the Order pro Merito Melitensi of the Order of Malta (1948) Großes Bundesverdienstkreuz am Schulterband Erfurt, Province of Saxony, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire ![]() |
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